Degeneration of the distal parts of nerves after injury of the proximal axon or cell body is referred to as Wallerian degeneration. Wallerian degeneration of the pyramidal tract reflects severe pyramidal tract damage,which can be characterized by magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). The advances in image diagnosis on Wallerian degeneration of pyramidal tract are reviewed in this article. Advices to clinical early detection of Wallerian degeneration are given in the end.