Endothelium with normal function plays a vital role in regulating vascular permeability,maintaining coagulation function,as well as immunological and inflammatory reaction,yet impaired endothelial function may lead to the formation and development of atherosclerosis.Moderate-intensity exercise training can improve arterial endothelial function and then prevent the occurrence of atherosclerosis mainly due to the production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostacyclin (PGI2),while high-intensity exercise training is reported to augment cardiovascular risk associated with the occurrence of oxidative stress and the decrease of NO bioavailability.A number of investigations have demonstrated that the variations in the amplitude and pattern of wall shear stress induced by exercise training mediate the above-mentioned biological responses.In this article,we summarize the regulation of exercise training on artery endothelial function and the role of wall shear stress induced by exercises,as well as the associated molecular biological mechanism,which may provide references to further studying the underlying hemodynamic mechanisms in modulation of endothelial function by exercises,especially the exercise-induced wall shear stress in this modulation,and offer scientific evidences to monitor wall shear stress and other hemodynamic parameters to fit the optimal exercise modality.