Objective Optical tracking system in surgical navigation has become one of the state-of-theart research issues because of its high accuracy and minimal radiation exposure.The paper focuses on the identification and tracking method of multiple surgical instruments.Methods The distinguishable geometric shape of markers of each surgical instrument and motion vector based dynamic tracking were adopted in the proposed system.First, a rapid surgical instrument identification method was performed based on different edge length ratio of each triangle formed by markers.And then each surgical instrument was dynamically tracked by capturing the trajectory of various surgical instruments by using the motion vectors in temporal domain.Results The identification and tracking results could meet the practical requirements.The average absolute error of the distance measurement of TSI and MSI was 0.031 mm and 0.065 mm, respectively.Conclusions The surgical navigation system based on the proposed identification and tracking methods can meet the needs of accuracy and real-time in application.