由于光学衍射的限制，传统光学显微镜只能看到免疫突触(immunological synapse，IS)(>200nm)的轮廓，因此在观察嵌合抗原受体(chimeric antigen receptor, CAR)修饰的自然杀伤(native killer, NK)细胞靶向杀伤肿瘤细胞时，NK细胞的IS形成过程中会丢掉很多信息。受激发射损耗(stimulated emission depletion, STED)显微镜的出现为IS的研究提供了有力工具。本文概述了STED超分辨成像技术的基本原理，分析了成像过程中的技术难点，介绍了在IS领域中与STED成像技术结合使用的荧光探针、生物芯片的研究新进展，探讨并展望了STED超分辨显微技术在IS研究领域的意义和未来发展方向。

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