相比于传统电刺激、磁刺激，超声神经刺激具有无创、可深部聚焦、空间分辨率高等优势，在神经疾病治疗领域逐渐受到人们的重视。然而，尽管超声神经刺激近年来发展迅速，其作用机制仍尚不明确。超声的生物作用主要为热作用和机械作用，目前学术界已经一致排除了热作用在超声神经刺激中的影响，但对机械作用的具体作用过程尚未形成统一观点。本文阐述了超声神经刺激作用机制的目前研究状况，详细讨论了声辐射力假说、膜内空化理论，并提出了一种超声神经刺激作用机制的可能研究路径。

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