电化学生物传感器是基于传感器表面抗体和抗原相互作用的生物传感器，将抗体（抗原）固定在传感器表面后再分别用来检测抗原（抗体）。相比其他生物传感器，电化学传感器具有较好的选择性和较高的灵敏度，因此在不同的科学领域具有广泛的应用前景。本文综述了电化学生物传感器的工作原理、分类、抗原抗体的固定方法，以及在食品安全、临床医学和环境监测领域的应用，并进一步指出目前生物传感器存在的不足之处以及今后研究的重点方向。

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