北京生物医学工程

基于骨骼材料分布特征的髋关节有限元模型建立及其应力分析

Hip joint finite element modeling and its stress analysis based on the distribution characteristics of bone materials

作者：张馨元丁晓红段朋云

单位：上海理工大学机械工程学院（上海 200093）

分类号：R318.01

出版年·卷·期（页码）：2020·39·5（462-470）

摘要：

目的建立包含韧带的髋关节有限元模型，分析其在单腿站立情况下的应力分布情况及传递趋势，以期为髋关节内固定术、置换手术以及其他髋关节力学基础研究提供精确模型和依据。方法通过CT扫描获得人体髋关节的DICOM数据，导入软件Mimics10.0，以每块骨骼10种材料属性来模拟骨骼材料的各向异性特征来进行三维重建。然后将初始模型导入软件Hyperworks12.0，以多节点的弹簧单元模拟韧带束结构，建立包含髂股韧带、耻股韧带、坐股韧带的髋关节有限元模型，分析该模型在单腿站立载荷作用下的应力分布情况。结果在该载荷作用下，髋骨的应力在坐骨大切迹、弓状线区域及耻骨支区域分布较为集中，髋臼的臼顶处应力最大；股骨近端的应力在股骨头、股骨颈的内侧区域及上方区域、小转子下方的股骨干区域以及大转子下方的股骨干区域分布较为集中；髋骨内侧主要承受压应力，外侧主要承受拉应力；股骨头上侧区域、股骨颈外侧、股骨干外侧受拉应力，股骨头下侧区域、股骨颈内侧、股骨干内侧受拉应力。结论三维重建得到的髋关节有限元模型准确性较高，力学分析得出的应力集中区域与骨小梁分布致密区域相近，可为进一步探讨髋关节的生物力学特性，及临床骨盆骨折治疗提供理论依据。

Objective To establish a finite element model of the hip joint containing ligaments, and to analyze the stress distribution and the trend of force transmission in the case of single-leg standing. The results of the analysis provide accurate models and evidence for hip internal fixation, replacement surgery, and other basic studies of hip mechanics. Methods The DICOM data of human hip joints were obtained by CT scan, import the data to Mimics 10.0 and perform three-dimensional reconstruction, the anisotropy of the bone material was simulated by 10 material properties of each bone to perform 3D reconstruction. Then ，we imported the original model into Hyperworks12.0, used the multi-node spring unit simulates the ligament bundle structure, established the hip joint finite element model including iliofemoral ligament ，pubofemoral ligament and ischiofemoral ligament, and analyzed the stress distribution of the model under single-leg standing load. Results The stress of the hip bone was more concentrated in the ischial large notch, arcuate line region, and pubic symphysis region. The acetabular sacral dome had the maximal stress; the stress of the proximal femur was more concentrated in the medial and upper regions of the femoral head and femoral neck, the femoral region below the trochanter, and the femoral region below the greater trochanter. The inner side of the hip was mainly subjected to compressive stress, and the lateral side was mainly subjected to tensile stress; the upper part of the femoral head, the lateral femoral neck, the lateral femoral shaft were subjected to tensile stress, the lower part of the femoral head, the medial femoral neck, and the medial femoral shaft were subjected to tensile stress. Conclusions By comparing the anatomical data of hip joint, the accuracy of hip joint finite element model obtained by three-dimensional reconstruction is higher. The stress concentration region obtained is similar to the dense distribution of trabecular bone, and the results obtained by analysis are credible, which provides a theoretical basis for further exploring the biomechanical characteristics of hip joints, the mechanism of pelvic fractures, and the treatment of clinical pelvic fractures.

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