北京生物医学工程

生物可降解丝素蛋白在骨科中的应用与进展

Application and progress of biodegradable silk fibroin in orthopaedics

作者：贾明鍛闫景龙

单位：哈尔滨医科大学附属第二医院(哈尔滨150081)  通信作者:闫景龙。E-mail: gw6-yjl@hotmail.com

分类号：R318. 08

出版年·卷·期（页码）：2021·40·6（629-634）

摘要：

组织工程的三要素分别是支架材料、种子细胞和生长因子，其中支架材料在组织工程中起到关键的作用。骨组织工程中最常用支架材料有透明质酸、海藻酸钠、壳聚糖、聚乳酸、聚氧基丙烯酸酯、胶原蛋白和聚己内酯等，但现阶段以上材料在骨科临床实际应用中都各自面临问题，比如壳聚糖亲水性过强、降解速度快，海藻酸钠、胶原蛋白力学性能差等，因此，寻求一种更合适的支架材料成为研究的重点方向。丝素蛋白作为一种天然高分子材料，广泛存在于自然界中，具有价格低、易获取、可降解性、低毒性的优点。以丝素蛋白为材料的骨组织支架在骨科中发挥了巨大的作用,有望在未来给更多的骨病患者带来福音。本文综述丝素蛋白的组成结构和理化性质，阐述了不同类型丝素蛋白支架在骨组织修复中的应用，总结了丝素蛋白在治疗骨肿瘤和预防骨感染领域的国内外最新研究进展，并展望丝素蛋白材料在骨科中的发展前景和应用趋势，为丝素蛋白材料应用于生物医学工程和临床提供有利参考。

The three elements of tissue engineering are scaffold material, seed cell and growth factor. Scaffold material plays a key role in tissue engineering. Hyaluronic acid, sodium alginate, chitosan, polylactic acid, cyanoacrylate, collagen and polycaprolactone are the most commonly used scaffolds in bone tissue engineering. However, at this stage, the above scaffolds are facing their own problems in the clinical application of orthopedics, such as strong hydrophilicity and rapid degradation of chitosan, poor mechanical properties of sodium alginate and collagen, Therefore, to find a more suitable scaffold material has become the focus of research. Silk fibroin, as a kind of natural polymer material, widely exists in nature, with the advantages of low price, easy access, degradability and low toxicity. Silk fibroin based bone tissue scaffolds play an important role in orthopedics, which is expected to bring good news to more patients with bone diseases in the future. This paper reviews the composition, structure and physicochemical properties of silk fibroin, expounds the application of different types of silk fibroin scaffolds in bone tissue repair, summarizes the latest research progress of silk fibroin in the treatment of bone tumor and prevention of bone infection at home and abroad, and looks forward to the development prospect and application trend of silk fibroin materials in orthopedics, It provides a good reference for the application of silk fibroin in biomedical engineering and clinical.

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