目的 对比机器人辅助腰椎斜外侧椎体间融合术（oblique lumbar interbody fusion, OLIF）与开放经椎间孔椎体间融合术治疗退行性脊柱侧弯的临床效果。 方法 从北京积水潭医院2018年2月至2020年2月收治的退行性脊柱侧弯患者中抽取100例作为研究样本，研究组（机器人辅助微创腰椎侧方入路椎体间融合术）与对照组（开放经椎间孔椎体间融合术）各50例。对手术的临床效果进行对比，包括后凸Cobb角、脊柱功能指数、疼痛情况、手术指标和并发症发生情况。 结果 研究组术后3个月的后凸Cobb角低于对照组（5.11°±0.53° vs. 7.09°±0.75°, P＜0.001）；研究组的术后脊柱功能指数、视觉模拟法疼痛评分均低于对照组（P＜0.001）；研究组手术时间、术后下床时间、住院时间短于对照组（P＜0.001），出血量少于对照组（28.63 mL±2.44 mL vs. 155.79 mL±15.68 mL, P＜0.001）；研究组并发症发生率低于对照组（4.00% vs. 22.00%, P=0.007）。 结论 与开放经椎间孔椎体间融合术相比，机器人辅助腰椎斜外侧椎体间融合术能够显著改善退行性脊柱侧弯的矢状面平衡，减少术中出血量、缩短手术时间，改善术后脊柱功能，缓解疼痛情况，减少并发症发生率。

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