Objective The formation of skin wounds not only destroys the integrity of the skin, but also greatly increases the risk of bacterial infection, so this study intends to prepare a nanocomposite material with photothermal effect, excellent biocompatibility and efficient antimicrobial healing, so as to provide a reference for the treatment of infectious wounds. Methods Firstly, polydopamine and MXene were composite, and the obtained materials were recorded as P1M2, P1M1 and P2M1, respectively. And the material characterization (transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) and performance testing (photothermal performance, cytotoxicity and antibacterial properties) were carried out. Then the infectious wound model of rats was constructed and randomly divided into control group, mupirocin group, P1M2 group (40, 60, 80 and 100 μg/mL) and moxibustion group. After 7 days, the number of residual colonies was calculated and the wound healing was observed. Results PM nanocomposites were successfully prepared, and the morphology of P1M2 and P1M1 particles was more uniform. Compared with MXene, PDA-modified PM composites have better photothermal properties. Cell experiments confirmed that MXene was more biocompatible after PDA modification. In vitro antimicrobial experiments showed that PM nanocomposites had obvious antibacterial properties, and the higher the particle concentration in the P1M2 group, the better the effect of biofilm removal and destruction of bacterial membrane permeability. Animal experiments showed that mupirocin, P1M2 and moxibustion groups could effectively remove wound bacteria and have a significant effect on the repair of infectious wounds. On the 7th day, the healing effect of the P1M2-60 and moxibustion groups was better than that of the mupirocin group, the P1M2-60 group (47.8 °C) and moxibustion group (47.5 °C) with similar treatment temperature also had similar healing efficacy. Conclusions In this study, PM nanocomposites with excellent photothermal properties, biocompatibility and high-efficiency antimicrobial properties are successfully prepared. The results of animal experiment not only indicate that the treatment temperature of 45~50 °C is more conducive to the healing of infectious wounds, but also suggest that PM nanocomposites have practical application potential. This study provides a certain data base for the field of infectious wound repair.