Gene therapy is a technique that draws on the introduction of new genes into cells for the purpose of treating disease by restoring or adding gene expression. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) can be delivered in bone defect or fracture local site by means of gene therapy without using heterogeneous carrier. At present, there are two alternative approaches for gene therapy in vivo and ex vivo, which is useful in the healing of the bone and cartilage defect, spinal fusion, craniofacial and dental repair, tendon and ligament formation, and in the treatment of degenerative disc disease. In conclusion， BMP gene therapy is an efficient, economic and promising strategy.