Objective In this paper，we focus on the key technologies of high-speed data acquisition and transmission in the bone mineral density measurement system and design a data acquisition system. Methods The system is based on Nios II and uses the cmos chip EP2C8Q208C8 in field programmable gate array(FPGA)module. The cros chip ADC12C105 is integrated to realize A/D conversion. In USB interface module，the cros chip CY7C68013A is utilized to communicate with personal computer. At last the CY7C68013A is experimental tested. Results The experimental results show that this system is of high sampling rate and data transmission speed. Conclusions This high-speed data acquisition and transmission system is the development basis of the bone mineral density measurement system.