The analytic technique of near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is one of the fastest developing and the most remarkable technique in recent years. It is widely used in many fields. This paper briefly introduces the basic principles, technical features of NIRS, and also explains its research situation in clinical detection, mainly including non-invasive blood glucose monitoring, non-invasive oxygen measurement, detection of breast lumps, urine composition analysis, etc. Finally the paper preliminarily discusses the limitations of NIRS technique, and looks forward to application prospect of the analytic technique of NIRS in the field of clinical detection.