Bone marrow stem cells (BMSC) are multipotent adult stem cells with mechanosensitive property. Mechanical stimuli can promote the osteogenic differenitiation of BMSC. In recent years, many studies have been focused on the mechanism for osteogenic differentiation of BMSC although it is not completely clear. It has been reported that several signal pathways are involved in the mechanotransduction of BMSC responding to mechanical stimuli. This review focuses on the advances of recent researches about the mechanism of osteogenic differentiation induced by mechanical stimulation.