Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of medical images is a research hotspot in image processing area. 3D reconstruction method from 2D X-ray is an important clinical tool in the diagnosis and treatment of orthopedics disease, which not only contributes to reduce the cost of inspection and radiation dosage, but also helps to overcome the limit of body position from traditional 3D reconstruction methods. In this paper, we review the improvement of this 3D reconstruction technique and the classification of its reconstruction evidence, with a focus on its application in reconstruction of long tubular bones, hip/keen joint and scoliosis. Furthermore, we analyze the application problems such as the limits of rotation angle, and image segmentation and recognition. Accordingly, we propose that 3D reconstruction technique from 2D X-ray will be of great usefulness for 3D reconstruction application in more human organs and tissues.