Objective We established a three-dimensional finite element model of the cervical spine (C4-C6) to study uncinate process resection effects on the stability of cervical spine. Methods A three-dimensional finite element model of the cervical spine was established from the CT scan images of a healthy male using Mimics13.1, SolidWorks2012, and ANSYS15.0 software. Different materials were assigned different mechanical parameters, and we created a cervical three-dimensional finite element model based on the method of tetrahedral mesh. Loading in the established model to simulate the extension, flexion, lateral bending, rotation, the total deformation and equivalent stress of spine were obtained and verified. The left uncinate process was resected 25%, 50% and 60% respectively in the C5 section. We analyzed the effects of uncinate process resection of different range on the stability of cervical spine in left lateral bending. Results The three-dimensional finite element model with more structure integrity and geometric similarity was compartmentalized subtly. Through comparative analysis of uncinate process resection: 25%, 50%, 60% compared with non resection, total deformation increased and the maximum equivalent stress decreased along with the increasing range of uncinate process resection. Conclusions The 25% resection of the uncinate process had little effect on the stability of cervical vertebrae. With the increase of uncinate process resection, the stability of the cervical spine decreased.