Skin damage and repair is a big clinical challenge. Due to the shortage of skin source,the use of autograft is limited,yet the use of allograft would face to an immune rejection problem. Therefore,the skin equivalents developed by tissue engineering technique become a better resolution for wound healing in clinical. With the continuous improvement of the seed cells and scaffolding materials,the basic research of the skin equivalent and its clinical application might have a brighter outlook. In this report,we review and discuss various aspects of the human skin equivalents including structure,categories,applications and commercially available products. We analyze the major limitations of current skin equivalents and suggest the perspective of future development as a complete regeneration of a fully functional skin,containing skin appendages such as hair follicles,sweat glands. This review provides a reference for the study and application of skin equivalent in the future.
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